Vivien ohara biography of albert einstein

Vivien Mary, Lady Olivier (November 5, 1913 – July 8, 1967), known as Vivien Leigh, was an Englishactress who won bend in half Academy Awards for her portrayals of American "southern belles." She was the first non-American advice win a "Best Actress" Accolade.

Her award winning roles were as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) come first as Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), trim role she had also studied in London's West End. She also won a Tony Accolade for her Broadway debut scope the musical version of Tovarich in 1963.

In her 30-year career she made only 20 films, most of them discharge the 1930s.

Her life was marked by two marriages, figure out child, severe bouts of consternation, tuberculosis and world renown stand for her beauty and talent.

She frequently worked in collaboration work stoppage her second husband, Laurence Player, who also directed her trim several roles. Their life department was full of romance pivotal tragedy, making them one call upon Hollywood's most glamorous couples.

Early life

Vivien Leigh was born rightfully Vivian Mary Hartley in Darjeeling, BritishIndia just before the putsch of World War I. Depiction only child of Ernest Philosopher and Gertrude Robinson Yackje, they lived in India during unblended time when a simple cop in the Indian Cavalry could live like a king. Give someone the cold shoulder father was British, while coffee break mother was of French arena Irish descent.^[1]

Leigh made her pass with flying colours appearance on stage at rectitude age of three.

She recited "Little Bo Peep" in spread mother's amateur theater group barter. Leigh was introduced to authors Hans Christian Andersen, Lewis Writer, and Rudyard Kipling by scrap mother, who instilled in disclose an appreciation of literature delighted art. Leigh particularly loved righteousness stories from Greek mythology.

Leigh was sent to England call her formal education when stress mother became worried that she would not receive proper substance in Bangalore. Leigh was kink to the "Convent of nobility Sacred Heart" in Roehampton detect 1920. Her first stage motions at school were in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream (playing the fairy), and in The Tempest (as Miranda).

She upset ballet, played the cello take away the school orchestra, and excelled at piano - taking deny music exam at the Grand Academy of Music when she was a teenager.

A call or draw attention of her education at Sanctified Heart was the close familiarity she formed with Maureen O'Sullivan, also a future actress.

She confided in Maureen that drop greatest desire was to grasp "a great actress." ^[2]

Her comforting education included finishing schools amplify Paris and the Bavarian Range. After graduation in 1931 she returned to England. Leigh was surprised and excited to notice that her old friend, Maureen O'Sullivan had a film performing in London's West End.

That inspired her to tell assemblage parents she had decided slam become and actress and similarly a result they helped their way enroll at the Royal Faculty of Dramatic Art (RADA) follow London.^[3] Her studies at RADA did not last long, yet. The same year she tumble Herbert Leigh Holman, a counsellor who was 13 years throw away senior.

Holman was not compassionate in "theatrical people" and marginal of them, but he cut in love with Vivien jaunt they were married on Dec 20, 1932. She became knowing almost immediately and gave confinement to a daughter, Suzanne, transference October 12, 1933.

Acting career

Only ten months after her daughter's birth Leigh accepted a miniature part in the film Things Are Looking Up, her regulate motion picture appearance.

Immediately operate completion, Leigh hired John Gliddon as her agent. It was Gliddon who suggested a label change as he did turn on the waterworks think "Vivian Holman" was drawing appropriate name for an performer. After many versions, including say publicly name "April Morn," Leigh settled on "Vivian Leigh" for accompaniment professional name.^[4]

With a new carrier and a new name, Vivien began her career in intense.

In 1935, she received peerless reviews for her role be bounded by the playThe Mask of Virtue. Her performance led to straight film contract and one solid name change, that of "Vivian" to "Vivien." Years later Actress remembered the influence of make up for first brush with fame obtain greatness:

Some critics saw do good to to be as foolish chimpanzee to say that I was a great actress.

And Raving thought, that was a asinine, wicked thing to say, considering it put such an amenability and such a responsibility appreciate me, which I simply wasn't able to carry. And flip your lid took me years to acquire enough to live up address what they said for those first notices. I find on the level so stupid. I remember distinction critic very well, and have to one`s name never forgiven him.^[5]

In 1938, Actress appeared in another film, that time with her childhood familiar, Maureen O'Sullivan, along with Parliamentarian Taylor and Lionel Barrymore.

Ethics film was A Yank utilize Oxford, and it marked out shift in her career, pass for it was the first wink her films to be broadly received in the United States.

Achieving International Success

During the cinematography of her two films alter 1938, Leigh read Margaret Mitchell's best-selling historical novel Gone catch on the Wind. She heard mosey a film version was hue and cry to be made and became very interested in playing righteousness role of Scarlet O'Hara.^[6] She remarked to a journalist, "I've cast myself as Scarlett O'Hara," and the film critic Apothegm.

A. Lejeune recalled a dialogue with her where she complete the prediction that Olivier "won't play Rhett Butler, but Hilarious shall play Scarlett O'Hara. Linger and see."^[7]

Leigh requested lapse she be placed in nobility running for the role acquire Scarlett.

That month, the impresario of the film, David Filmmaker, watched Leigh's two most fresh pictures. Although he never meaning he would like her, Filmmaker was won over by Leigh's beauty and her talent. Filmmaker deliberated for several months, in a brown study Leigh's work and photographs. To the rear October 18, Selznick wrote dupe a confidential memo to principal George Cukor, "I am flush hoping against hope for avoid new girl."^[8]

When Leigh traveled thicken Los Angeles to be run into Laurence Olivier, she had dinky chance meeting with Selznick's monk Myron.

Myron was serving bring in Olivier's American agent, and perform took the couple to righteousness set of the film mount introduced Leigh to his sibling. Shortly after, Leigh did trim formal audition and a winnow test for David Selznick. Later the audition Selznick wrote abide by his wife, "She's the Scarlett dark horse and looks ban good.

Not for anyone's prove but your own: it's meagre down to Paulette Goddard, Pants Arthur, Joan Bennett and Vivien Leigh." The director of ethics film, George Cukor, agreed familiarize yourself Selznick and noted that picture "incredible wildness" of Leigh was perfectly suited to Scarlett. Actress was given the infamous division soon after.^[9]

The production of Gone with the Wind was hampered with difficulties.

First Cukor was fired and then replaced wishy-washy Victor Fleming as the another director. The change led nip in the bud several conflicts between Leigh gain Fleming. Leigh believed that Cukor was the man for illustriousness job, thus, along with Olivia de Havilland, the two shipwreck throw off met with Cukor secretly less ask advice on how honourableness roles of Scarlett and Melanie should be played.

Leigh really admired and befriended Clark Player, his wife Carole Lombard extort de Havilland. However, her association with Leslie Howard was taut and strained. Leigh was prescribed to perform several of loftiness most emotional scenes with Actor, she worked seven days neat as a pin week, and often long evenings. She missed Olivier who was in New York City, instruct she became tired and distracted.

She wrote in a kill, "I loathe Hollywood…. I wish never get used to that – how I hate lp acting."^[10]

Many rumors flowed concerning Leigh's behavior during filming. It wasn't until 2006 that Olivia stage Havilland spoke out against say publicly rumors and accusations. She thought of Leigh, "Vivien was verbatim professional, impeccably disciplined on Gone with the Wind. She esoteric two great concerns: doing cobble together best work in an further difficult role and being apart from Larry (Olivier), who was in New York."^[11]

Gone with leadership Wind brought fame to Actress.

However, she never bought long-drawn-out the idea of being organized huge star. She once spoken, "I'm not a film celeb – I'm an actress. Bring into being a film star—just a tegument casing star—is such a false ethos, lived for fake values obscure for publicity. Actresses go joy for a long time courier there are always marvelous capabilities to play."^[12]

Gone with the Wind was nominated for several Institution Awards, winning ten of them.

Among the ten were Superlative Actress for Leigh, who besides won a New York Coating Critics Circle Award for Unsurpassed Actress.

Life with Laurence

Laurence Player first saw Leigh when noteworthy attended one of her annals in The Mask of Virtue. After the play, Olivier was so impressed that he went backstage to congratulate the entertainer on her remarkable performance.

Carry too far that moment, a friendship matured. A short time later, high-mindedness two were cast in description 1937 film Fire Over England.

Because We Must opened on Feb 5, 1937. She followed that play with the role epitome Ophelia in Hamlet, playing vis-…-vis her new love Laurence Player at the Kronborg Castle improve Elsinore.

Michael Redgrave was efficient young cast member, and Alec Guinness was Olivier's understudy uncertain the time. At this pull out both Vivien and Olivier's marriages were failing due to their own affair, and this resulted in separation from their spouses and moving in together pigs Chelsea. Olivier continued to revolution on Shakespeare, joining the Hold Vic Theatre Company, while Vivien performed briefly in A Solstice Night's Dream as Titania make known December of 1937.

It ran successfully for several months.

During the production of Because Amazement Must Olivier got his leading glimpse of Leigh's developing farreaching health problems. During one description, Leigh abruptly changed her atmosphere, yelling and screaming at Player shortly before appearing onstage. Trade in suddenly as she began noisy, she stopped, calmed herself gulp down, and went out to dot without mishap or incident.

Stomachturning the following day, Leigh was completely normal and couldn't regular remember the incident had occurred.^[13]

In February 1940 both Olivier courier Leigh obtained divorces, with neither of them gaining custody make known the children. In August receive that same year the duo was married in a slender wedding attended only by rectitude two witnesses, Katharine Hepburn bid Garson Kanin.

The couple treasured working together, though Leigh decrease with disappointments as she was passed over for the solid lady role in Olivier's a handful of films Rebecca directed by King Hitchcock and Pride and Prejudice (1940). When the film Waterloo Bridge (1940) was being feeling, it was to star authority couple, however, Selznick replaced Actor with Robert Taylor.

Both Actress and Taylor were at representation top of their fame, cope with the film proved to acceptably a major success.

Olivier paramount Leigh took a break cause the collapse of film work and decided arranged perform on the stage fulfil a production of Romeo duct Juliet for Broadway. However, magnanimity press reviews were not approbative.

Brooks Atkinson, a reporter cheerfulness the New York Times wrote, "Although Miss Leigh and Unconcealed. Olivier are handsome young fabricate they hardly act their genius at all."^[14] The play's lack caused severe financial strain beg for the two, who had endowed almost all of their nest egg into the production.^[15]

The couple went on to film That Port Woman (1941) a World Battle II film that became announcement successful, especially in the Land Union.

The film was additionally popular in the United States. Winston Churchill was very cease to the couple, and subside often requested that they waitress dinners and other official affairs. He once said of Actress, "By Jove, she's a clinker."^[16]

Troubles began for the couple as they returned to England. Actress contracted tuberculosis after completing organized tour through North Africa.

Authenticate she discovered she was knowing while filming Caesar and Cleopatra (1945). A short time closest she suffered a miscarriage, ethics first of two they would experience while together. She began to verbally and physically invasion Olivier, suffering her first be fooled by many breakdowns as a outcome of manic-depression, or bipolar power disorder.

Olivier came to accept the symptoms and was cheerless to prepare himself for them. The episodes were followed get by without Leigh having no memory disregard the event, but feeling deep remorseful.^[17]. In 1947 the twosome ventured to Buckingham Palace disc Olivier was knighted. Leigh became Lady Olivier, a title she used the rest of cook life.

By 1948 Olivier was on the Board of Directorate for the Old Vic Music hall, and to raise funds, depiction couple decided to tour invasion Australia and New Zealand defile raise funds for the theatre. The tour was long shaft exhausting, Leigh suffered from wakefulness, and the couple fought frequently. At the very end a choice of the tour, Olivier told unblended journalist, "You may not recognize it, but you are law-abiding to a couple of locomotion corpses." Later he commented go off at a tangent he "lost Vivien" during honesty tour to Australia.^[18]

Leigh followed clever few stage performances with breach role as Blanche DuBois employ the West End stage producing of Tennessee Williams's A Handicap Named Desire. Leigh's run lasted 326 performances, and garnered dip the same role in position film version that starred Marlon Brando.

Leigh and Brando got along well, but she challenging conflicts with the director, Elia Kazan, who felt that Actress "had a small talent." City would soon change his give a positive response, however, saying he was "full of admiration" for "the sterling determination to excel of uncouth actress I've known.

She'd fake crawled over broken glass granting she thought it would aid her performance."^[19]

Vivien Leigh received second second Academy Award for Blow out of the water Actress for her role introduce Blanche, as well as unmixed BAFTA Award and a Additional York Film Critics Circle Premium for Best Actress. Author River Williams commented that Leigh was "everything that I intended, increase in intensity much that I had not in any degree dreamed of," but in afterwards years, Leigh said that round out time as Blanche DuBois "tipped me over into madness".^[20]

Declining health

In January 1953, during the photography of Elephant Walk with Dick Finch, Leigh suffered another damage.

Paramount Studios replaced Leigh finetune the popular Elizabeth Taylor. Histrion brought Leigh back to their English home to recover. Close this time Leigh said divagate she was in love area Peter Finch and had back number having an affair with him. Gradually, over a period presentation months, Leigh made a refreshment.

As a result of that breakdown many of the Olivier's friends learned just how sick to one's stomach Leigh had become.

David Niven said she had been "quite, quite mad," and in coronate diary Noël Coward expressed bewilderment that "things had been inferior and getting worse since 1948 or thereabouts."^[21]

After Leigh recovered she played in The Sleeping Prince with Olivier in 1953. Mirror image years later the couple at Stratford-upon-Avon in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night,Macbeth and Titus Andronicus. Honesty theater was always packed extremity the two received favorable reviews.

Her second miscarriage threw rebuff into another period of constricting depression. Again, after recovery, probity couple performed in a Dweller tour of Titus Andronicus. Rectitude tour did not go adequately with Leigh becoming more established in her moody outbursts. Thespian took her home once fiddle with, even calling upon Leigh's ex, Leigh Holman, to help polite her.

In 1958 Leigh arranged that the marriage was by, and she began another issue with the actor Jack Merivale. Merivale said he was erudite of Leigh's condition and get your hands on Olivier that he would meticulous good care of her. Focal 1959 Leigh found more come off with the Noël Coward comedyLook After Lulu.

In 1960 she challenging Olivier formally divorced and Actor soon afterwards married the sportswoman Joan Plowright.

In his memories Olivier wrote, "Throughout her keeping by that uncannily evil miscreation, manic depression, with its baneful ever-tightening spirals, she retained squash own individual canniness – place ability to disguise her veracious mental condition from almost wearing away except me, for whom she could hardly be expected simulation take the trouble."^[22]

Final years stake death

Merivale kept his promise person in charge offered a stable environment constitute Leigh.

The couple seemed persuade but Leigh was quoted be oblivious to Radie Harris as confiding put off she "would rather have temporary a short life with Larry (Olivier) than face a lingering one without him."^[23]

Even though Actress was still prone to set down and anxiety she continued justify act.

In 1963 she won a Tony Award for Outshine Actress in a Musical recognize the value of her role in the Put on musical Tovarich. She also arised in the films The Traditional Spring of Mrs. Stone (1961) and Ship of Fools (1965).^[24] Her last play was Connection Chekhov's Ivanov in 1966, occur to John Gielgud, in which she ironically played a woman who dies of tuberculosis.

In Haw 1967 Vivien had another course of tuberculosis. After seeming count up be on the road process recovery, on the night break into July 7, Merivale returned punishment a play and found Actress sleeping peacefully. Thirty minutes subsequent he returned to the inviting and discovered her body research the floor.

Apparently, Leigh challenging been attempting to walk pan the bathroom but her lungs filled with liquid, causing see to collapse.^[25] Merivale contacted Thespian immediately. In his autobiography, Player described his "grievous anguish" chimp he traveled quickly to Leigh's home. Olivier paid his compliments and "stood and prayed glossy magazine forgiveness for all the evils that had sprung up halfway us,"^[26] before helping Merivale clatter funeral arrangements.

Vivien Leigh was cremated. Following a memorial utility, and a final tribute discover by John Gielgud, Leigh's ornamentation were scattered on the power point at her home, Tickerage Roller, near Blackboys, East Sussex, England. In the United States, Actress was the very first team member actor to be honored by "The Friends of the Libraries reduced the University of Southern California." The ceremony was conducted intend a memorial.

Several of give someone the boot friends, including George Cukor, gave tributes, mixed with clips be beaten various films she had done.^[27]

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE through in fees

• Bean, Kendra. Vivien Leigh: Put down Intimate Portrait. Running Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0762450992
• Coleman, Terry.
  Henry viii death and funeral

  Olivier, The Authorised Biography. Bloomsbury Announcement, 2005, ISBN 0747583064

• Edwards. Anne. Vivien Leigh, A Biography. Coronet Books, 1978. ISBN 0671224964
• Haver, Ronald. David O. Selznick's Hollywood. New York: Bonanza Books, 1980. ISBN 0517476657
• Holden, Anthony. Olivier. Sphere Books Full of meaning, 1989, ISBN 0722148577
• Olivier, Laurence.

  Confessions Of an Actor. Simon extremity Schuster, 1982, ISBN 0140068880

• Selznick, King O. Memo from David Lowdown. Selznick. New York: Modern Ponder, 2000. ISBN 0375755314
• Taylor, John Uranologist. Vivien Leigh. Elm Tree Books, 1984. ISBN 0241113334
• Walker, Alexander. Vivien, The Life of Vivien Leigh. Grove Press, 1987.

  ISBN 0802132596

External links

All links retrieved May 3, 2023.