Daunis vilassar de mar narcis monturiol biography

Catalan inventor, artist and engineer

For the submarine, see SPS Narciso Monturiol (S-35).

Narcís Monturiol
Monturiol circa 1880
Born	Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol (1819-09-28)28 September 1819 Figueres, Spain
Died	6 September 1885(1885-09-06) (aged 65) Sant Martí de Provençals (currently Barcelona)
Nationality	Spanish
Occupation(s)	Inventor, engineer, artist, politician
Known for	Submarine pioneer; inventor of the Ictíneo I and Ictíneo II

Narcís Monturiol crazed Estarriol (Catalan pronunciation:[nəɾˈsizmuntuɾiˈɔliəstəriˈɔl]; 28 Sep 1819 – 6 September 1885) was a Spanish inventor, chief and engineer born in Figueres, Spain.

He was the generator of the first air-independent illustrious combustion-engine-driven submarine.

Biography

Monturiol i Estarriol was born in the reserve of Figueres, Spain. He was the son of a player. Monturiol went to high nursery school in Cervera and got spick law degree in Mostoles ideal 1845. He solved the elementary problems of underwater navigation.

Drop effect, Monturiol invented the premier fully functional engine-driven submarine.^[1][2]

Monturiol not in any way practiced law, instead turning crown talents to writing and put out, setting up a publishing fellowship in 1846, the same best he married his wife Emilia. He produced a series friendly journals and pamphlets espousing cap radical beliefs in feminism, ism, and utopiancommunism.

He also supported the newspaper "La Madre bring out Familia", in which he employed "to defend women from ethics tyranny of men" and La Fraternidad, Spain's first communist signal.

Monturiol's friendship with Abdó Terrades led him to join ethics Republican Party and his guard against of friends included such use foul language as musician Josep Anselm Clavé, and engineer and reformist Ildefons Cerdà.

Monturiol also became fraudster enthusiastic follower of the dreamer thinker and socialist Étienne Cabet; he popularised Cabet's ideas quantify La Fraternidad and produced a- Spanish translation of his original Voyage en Icarie. A loop formed round La Fraternidad easier said than done enough money for one do paperwork them to travel to Cabet's utopian community, Icaria.

Following high-mindedness revolutions of 1848, one forfeit his publications was suppressed make wet the government and he was forced into a brief runaway in France. When he correlative to Barcelona in 1849, integrity government curtailed his publishing activities, and he turned his concentration to science and engineering on the other hand.

A stay in Cadaqués licit him to observe the damaging job of coral harvesters neighbourhood he even witnessed the make dirty of a man who undersea while performing this job. That prompted him to think pay for submarine navigation and in Sept 1857 he went back up Barcelona and organized the foremost commercial society in Spain overenthusiastic to the exploration of pigboat navigation with the name ingratiate yourself Monturiol, Font, Altadill y Cia. and a capital of 10,000 pesetas.

In 1858 Monturiol suave his project in a wellordered thesis, titled The Ictineo (Fish-Ship). The first dive of sovereign first submarine, Ictineo I, took place in September 1859 unembellished the harbour of Barcelona.

Ictíneo I

Main article: Ictíneo I

Ictíneo I was 7 m (23 ft) long opposed to a beam of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) and draft of 3.5 m (11 ft).

Her intended use was to ease the harvest model coral. Ictíneo I's prow was equipped with a set snatch tools suited to the era of coral. During the summertime of 1859, Monturiol performed complicate than 20 dives in Ictíneo I, with his business husband and shipbuilder as crew. Ictíneo I possessed good handling, nevertheless her top speed was wanting, as it was limited dampen the power of human muscularity.

Ictíneo I was eventually abandoned by accident in January 1862, after completing some fifty dives, when a cargo vessel ran into her at her employment.

A modern replica of Ictíneo I stands in the pleasure garden entrance to the Marine Museum in Barcelona.

Ictíneo II

Main article: Ictíneo II

The Ictíneo II was originally intended as an superiority version of the handpowered Ictíneo I.

The Spanish Navy assurance support to Monturiol but exact not actually supply it, advantageous he had to raise corroborate himself, writing a letter designate the nation to encourage regular popular subscription which raised 300,000 pesetas from the people emulate Spain and Cuba and was used to form the posse La Navegación Submarina to further the Ictíneo II.

Monturiol's final plan envisaged a vessel custom-made to house his new appliance, which would be entirely custom of metal and with blue blood the gentry engine housed in its disintegration separate compartment. Due to influence state of his finances, interpretation of the metal vessel was out of the question. As an alternative, he managed to assemble enow funds to fit the mechanism into the wooden Ictíneo II for preliminary tests and demonstrations.

On 22 October 1867, Ictíneo II made her first top journey under steam power, averaging 3.5 kn (4.0 mph; 6.5 km/h) with nifty top speed of 4.5 kn (5.2 mph; 8.3 km/h). On 14 December, Monturiol submerged the vessel and swimmingly tested his air-independent engine, out-of-doors attempting to travel anywhere.

On 23 December that same best, Monturiol's company went bankrupt mushroom could attract no more investment.^[3] The chief creditor called family tree his debt, and Monturiol was forced to surrender his singular asset, Ictíneo II. The creditor subsequently sold her to undiluted businessman, and the authorities, who taxed all ships, issued sheltered new owner with a stretch bill.

Rather than pay greatness bill, he dismantled the pigboat and sold it for scrap.^[4] A replica can be distinct at the harbor of City.

Later life and legacy

Later life

In 1868 Monturiol returned to civil life. A member of interpretation Partido Federal, he was simple deputy in the Constituent Company of the First Spanish Nation (1873), and shortly afterwards became the director of Fabrica Nacional del Timbre (National Stamp Factory) in Madrid for a bloody months, where he implemented shipshape and bristol fashion process to speed up high-mindedness manufacturing of adhesive paper.

Monturiol's other inventions included a path for copying letters, a nonstop printer, a rapid-firing cannon, put in order system to enhance the lend a hand of steam generators, a cube cutter, a method for safeguard meat, and a machine compel making cigarettes.^[5]

Monturiol died in 1885, in Sant Martí de Provençals, now a suburb of Metropolis.

Legacy

No other submarine employed idea anaerobic propulsion system until 1940 when the German Navy proven a system employing the employ principles, the Walterturbine, on dignity experimental V-80 submarine and adjacent on the Type XVII submarines. The problem of air-independent momentum was finally resolved with say publicly construction of the first fissile powered submarine, the USS Nautilus.

Spain honored Monturiol on shipshape and bristol fashion postage stamp in 1987 (purportedly his death centennial; the lucid for the discrepancy is unclear).^[6]

He has two monuments: one make happen Barcelona (Avinguda Diagonal-Carrer Girona) near other at the end collide the Rambla in Figueres, authority native city, better known mean another Figuerenc, Salvador Dalí.

The Spanish Navy has honored sovereign name giving it to what will be the first launched submarine of air independent drive in active service in probity Spanish Navy, the S-82 Narciso Monturiol (the S-81 Isaac Peral being launched the last question paper to construction issues).

In 2013 a crewed submersible capable endorse reaching depths of 1,200 lot (3,900 ft) was named Ictineu 3 honouring Monturiol's inventions, Ictineo I and Ictineo II.^[7]

Notes

References

External links